Standard 4 Science: The Living Environment |
Students will: understand and apply scientific
concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical
setting and living environment and recognize the historical
development of ideas in science. Key Ideas: Numbers
Performance Indicators: indicated by
Elementary, Intermediate, or Commencement
URL of standards:
http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/mst/sciencestand/liven13.html
http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/mst/sciencestand/liven47.html
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| 1. Living things are both similar to
and different from each other and nonliving things. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
describe the characteristics of and variations between living
and nonliving things |
SB1: Cell Structure |
58 |
| SB1: Classification |
339,
342-347 |
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| Elementary:
describe the life processes common to all living things |
SB1: Cell Structure |
58 |
| SB1: Cell Membranes
And Transport |
87, 90-
91 |
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| Intermediate:
compare and contrast the parts of plants, animals, and one-celled
organisms |
SB1: Cell Structure |
60- 61, 66-
71, 82- 83 |
| SB2: Diet And Animal
Nutrition |
186-188, 190-191 |
| SB2: Plant Science |
329-341 |
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| Intermediate:
explain the functioning of the major human organ systems and
their interactions |
SB2: Gas Exchange
In Animals |
189-194 |
| SB2: Animal Transport
Systems |
202-207, 211-217 |
| SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
228-231, 234-235 |
| SB2: Homeostasis
And Excretion |
253, 256-257, 260, 265 |
| SB2: Nerves, Muscles,
And Movement |
273-277 |
| SB2: Animal Behavior |
292-297 |
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| Commencement:
explain how diversity of populations within ecosystems relates
to the stability of ecosystems |
SB1: Ecosystems |
282- 283 |
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| Commencement:
describe and explain the structures and functions of the human
body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues,
cells, organelles) |
SB1: Cell Structure |
69-75, 80-81, 84-85 |
| SB2: Gas Exchange
In Animals |
190-198 |
| SB2: Animal Transport
Systems |
202-209, 211-219 |
| SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
228-230, 234-239, 242-244 |
| SB2: Homeostasis
And Excretion |
248-263, 265-268 |
| SB2: Nerves, Muscles,
And Movement |
273-288, 292-298 |
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| Commencement:
explain how a one-celled organism is able to function despite
lacking the levels of organization present in more complex organisms |
SB1-1 |
66-67 |
| SB1: Molecular Genetics |
154-155 |
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| 2. Organisms inherit genetic information
in a variety of ways that result in continuity of structure and
function between parents and offspring. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
recognize that traits of living things are both inherited and
acquired or learned |
SB1: Genes And Chromosomes |
170-171 |
| SB1: Inheritance |
223-225 |
| SB2: Animal Behavior |
305-307, 312-321 |
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| Elementary:
recognize that for humans and other living things there is genetic
continuity between generations |
SB1: Inheritance |
198 |
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| Intermediate:
describe sexual and asexual mechanisms for passing genetic materials
from generation to generation |
SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
223-227 |
| SB2: Plant Science |
354-356 |
| SB2: Applied Plant
And Animal Science |
384-387 |
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| Intermediate:
describe simple mechanisms related to the inheritance of some
physical traits in offspring |
SB1: Inheritance |
197-203 |
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| Commencement:
explain how the structure and replication of genetic material
result in offspring that resemble their parents |
SB1: Genes And Chromosomes |
159-160, 172 |
| SB1: Inheritance |
198 |
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| Commencement:
explain how the technology of genetic engineering allows humans
to alter the genetic makeup of organisms |
SB1: Aspects Of Biotechnology |
230-258 |
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3. Individual organisms and species change over time. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
describe how the structures of plants and animals complement
the environment of the plant or animal |
SB2: The Mechanisms
Of Evolution |
96-103, 132 |
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| Elementary:
observe that differences within a species may give individuals
an advantage in surviving and reproducing |
SB2: The Mechanisms
Of Evolution |
96-103 |
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| Intermediate:
describe sources of variation in organisms and their structures
and relate the variations to survival |
SB1: Genes And Chromosomes |
179-188 |
| SB2: The Mechanisms
Of Evolution |
112-119 |
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| Intermediate:
describe factors responsible for competition within species and
the significance of that competition |
SB2: The Mechanisms
Of Evolution |
120-121 |
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| Commencement:
explain the mechanisms and patterns of evolution |
SB2: The Mechanisms
Of Evolution |
95, 108-111, 122-129 |
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| 4. The continuity of life is sustained
through reproduction and development. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
describe the major stages in the life cycles of selected plants
and animals |
SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
223 |
| SB2: Plant Science |
351-353 |
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| Elementary:
describe evidence of growth, repair, and maintenance, such as
nails, hair, and bone, and the healing of cuts and bruises |
SB1: Cell Structure |
80-82 |
| SB2: Defense Against
Infectious Disease |
52 |
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| Intermediate:
observe and describe the variations in reproductive patterns
of organisms, including asexual and sexual reproduction |
SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
222-227 |
| SB2: Plant Science |
356 |
| SB2: Applied Plant
And Animal Science |
384 |
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| Intermediate:
explain the role of sperm and egg cells in sexual reproduction |
SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
229, 235-237 |
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| Intermediate:
observe and describe developmental patterns in selected plants
and animals (e.g., insects, frogs, humans, seed-bearing plants) |
SB2: Plant Science |
351-353 |
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| Intermediate:
observe and describe cell division at the microscopic level and
its macroscopic effects |
SB1: Cell Structure |
76-81 |
| SB1: Genes And Chromosomes |
172 |
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| Commencement:
explain how organisms, including humans, reproduce their own
kind |
SB1: Genes And Chromosomes |
172 |
| SB2: Reproduction
And Development |
222-230, 234-239, 242 |
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| 5. Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium
that sustains life. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
describe basic life functions of common living specimens (guppy,
mealworm, gerbil) |
SB1: Cell Structure |
58-59 |
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| Elementary:
describe some survival behaviors of common living specimens |
SB1: Ecosystems |
274, 277-281 |
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| Elementary:
describe the factors that help promote good health and growth
in humans |
SB2: Homeostasis
And Excretion |
248-250 |
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| Intermediate:
compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic
life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium |
SB2: Homeostasis
And Excretion |
247, 259-264 |
| SB2: Diet And Animal
Nutrition |
156-169 |
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| Intermediate:
describe the importance of major nutrients, vitamins, and minerals
in maintaining health and promoting growth and explain the need
for a constant input of energy for living organisms |
SB1: Energy Flow
And Nutrient Cycles |
288-295 |
| SB2: Diet And Animal
Nutrition |
170-179 |
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| Commencement:
explain the basic biochemical processes in living organisms and
their importance in maintaining dynamic equilibrium |
SB1: The Chemistry
Of Life |
102-117 |
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| Commencement:
explain disease as a failure of homeostasis |
SB2: Diet And Animal
Nutrition |
180-182 |
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| Commencement:
relate processes at the system level to the cellular level in
order to explain dynamic equilibrium in multicelled organisms
systems, tissues, cells, organelles) |
SB1: Cellular Energetics |
124-135 |
| SB2: Homeostasis
And Excretion |
247-249, 251-254-265, 266-268 |
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| 6. Plants and animals depend on each
other and their physical environment. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
describe how plants and animals, including humans, depend upon
each other and the nonliving environment |
SB1: Energy Flow
And Nutrient Cycles |
289-302 |
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| Elementary:
describe the relationship of the sun as an energy source for
living and nonliving cycles |
SB1: Energy Flow
And Nutrient Cycles |
288 |
| SB2: Plant Science |
328 |
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| Intermediate:
describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and
food webs |
SB1: Energy Flow
And Nutrient Cycles |
288-297 |
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| Intermediate:
provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the
significance of this process to other organisms |
SB1: The Chemistry
Of Life |
131-135 |
| SB2: Plant Science |
328 |
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| Commencement:
explain factors that limit growth of individuals and populations |
SB1: Ecosystems |
272-281 |
| SB1: The Dynamics
Of Populations |
306-314, 315-320 |
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| Commencement:
explain the importance of preserving diversity of species and
habitats |
SB1: Ecosystems |
282-283 |
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| Commencement:
explain how the living and nonliving environments change over
time and respond to disturbances |
SB1: Ecosystems |
282-285 |
| SB1: Human Impact
And Conservation |
354-355, 362-363, 373-375 |
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| 7. Human decisions and activities have
had a profound impact on the physical and living environment. |
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| P.O. |
Book & Chapter |
page no.s |
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| Elementary:
identify ways in which humans have changed their environment
and the effects of those changes |
SB1: Human Impact
And Conservation |
354-376 |
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| Intermediate:
describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the
living and nonliving environment for their survival |
SB1: Ecosystems |
268-278 |
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| Intermediate:
describe the effects of environmental changes on humans and other
populations |
SB1: Ecosystems |
276, 279-285 |
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| Commencement:
describe the range of interrelationships of humans with the living
and nonliving environment |
SB1: Energy Flow
And Nutrient Cycles |
292-293 |
| SB1: Human Impact
And Conservation |
354-376 |
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| Commencement:
explain the impact of technological development and growth in
the human population on the living and nonliving environment |
SB1: Aspects Of Biotechnology |
242-263 |
| SB1: Human Impact
And Conservation |
354-376 |
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| Commencement:
explain how individual choices and societal actions can contribute
to improving the environment |
SB1: Human Impact
And Conservation |
354-376 |
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